A local macOS app came back as soon as I quit it. The binary was not the cause. Two leftover jobs from earlier repair sessions were still registered with launchd: com.victor.conduit.focus-restart.20260817 and com.victor.conduit.clipboard-install. Both had been created with launchctl submit. Apple's man page says that mechanism also tells launchd to keep the program alive in the event of failure.
launchctl print gui/$(id -u)/<label>The first leftover script slept eight seconds, quit the app, then opened it again. Because launchd treated the job as KeepAlive, that sequence kept repeating. A quit that lasted about half a second was the red proof. Their recorded run counts were 8,429 and 9,169. After both labels were unloaded, the same quit left the app absent for twenty seconds of half-second samples. The app source was not changed.